The Effect of Arm Strength Training on Underhand Passing Skills in Volleyball Among Students at Tutuyan Public Junior High School 2

2026-09-14T04:49:29+00:00

Volleyball underhand passing is a fundamental skill for receiving serves, controlling attacks, and initiating offensive plays. However, preliminary observations at Tutuyan Public Junior High School 2 showed that several students performed this technique inconsistently, indicating the need for physical conditioning, particularly arm muscle strengthening. This study aimed to determine the effect of arm muscle strength training on students’ underhand passing ability. A true experimental method with a randomized control-group pretest–posttest design was employed. Twenty male students were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group, with ten participants in each group. Underhand passing performance was measured using a one-minute wall-passing test. The experimental group completed arm muscle strength training for eight weeks at a frequency of three sessions per week, while the control group received no specific treatment. Data were analyzed using an independent-samples t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The experimental group’s mean score increased from 32.20 at pretest to 34.50 at posttest, producing a mean gain of 2.30, compared with 0.60 in the control group. The observed t-value of 3.553 exceeded the critical value of 1.734. These findings demonstrate that structured arm muscle strength training significantly improved students’ volleyball underhand passing ability and enhanced their technical performance.

The Relationship Between Knowledge and Consumption of Iron Tablets and The Incidence of Anemia Among Adolescent Girls at Darul Muttaqien Junior High School in Selopampang, Temanggung Regency

2026-09-14T04:44:04+00:00

Anemia remains a concern among adolescent girls because menstruation and rapid growth increase iron requirements, potentially impairing concentration and academic performance. This study aimed to examine the relationships between knowledge, adherence to iron tablet consumption, and anemia among seventh-grade girls at Darul Muttaqien Junior High School, Selopampang, Temanggung Regency. A cross-sectional design was employed, and all 52 students were recruited through total sampling. Data were collected using an anemia knowledge questionnaire, iron tablet monitoring cards, observation sheets, and hemoglobin measurements using an EasyTouch device. Univariate analysis was conducted to describe respondent characteristics and study variables, while bivariate analysis was performed to examine relationships using the chi-square test. Most respondents were early adolescents aged 10–13 years (96.2%), had a normal age at menarche (94.2%), and experienced a normal menstrual duration (84.6%). Nearly half of the respondents had moderate knowledge of anemia (48.1%), 73.1% adhered to iron tablet consumption, and 38.5% experienced anemia. Knowledge was significantly associated with anemia incidence (p = 0.019); 77.8% of respondents with high knowledge were not anemic, whereas 77.8% of those with low knowledge were anemic. Adherence to iron tablet consumption was significantly associated with anemia (p < 0.001), as 92.9% of nonadherent respondents experienced anemia. In conclusion, better knowledge and consistent iron tablet consumption were associated with a lower incidence of anemia.

Asian Journal of Healthy and Science

The Effect of Arm Strength Training on Underhand Passing Skills in Volleyball Among Students at Tutuyan Public Junior High School 2

The Relationship Between Knowledge and Consumption of Iron Tablets and The Incidence of Anemia Among Adolescent Girls at Darul Muttaqien Junior High School in Selopampang, Temanggung Regency