Pathogenesis Analysis, Risk Factors, and Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: a Literature Study

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a lung condition that slowly narrows the airways, impairs gas exchange, and causes difficulty breathing. The main risk factors for COPD include smoking, exposure to air pollution, genetics, and exposure to hazardous work environments. Pathogenesis analysis revealed the role of chronic inflammation and damage to lung tissue due to exposure to toxic substances. This research was conducted using a literature study methodology to analyze the pathogenesis, risk factors, and management of COPD. This research approach involves collecting, selecting, and analyzing literature from various reliable sources, such as scientific journals, research articles, and books related to COPD. The first step is to identify the research objectives, namely to analyze the mechanism of pathogenesis, risk factors, and COPD management strategies. Then, the relevant literature sources were collected and analyzed systematically. This research focuses on understanding how exposure to smoking and air pollution contribute to inflammation and damage to lung tissue in the pathogenesis of COPD. In addition, other risk factors such as genetics and work history are also analyzed in the context of the development of this disease. The results of the analysis show that quitting smoking, avoiding exposure to air pollution, using drugs, and changing lifestyles are the recommended approaches in COPD management. Psychological support and pulmonary rehabilitation also have an important role in improving the patient's quality of life. By combining the results of literature analysis and a literature review research methodology approach, this study provides a comprehensive view of COPD pathogenesis, risk factors, and management strategies