The Effect of Arm Strength Training on Underhand Passing Skills in Volleyball Among Students at Tutuyan Public Junior High School 2

Volleyball underhand passing is a fundamental skill for receiving serves, controlling attacks, and initiating offensive plays. However, preliminary observations at Tutuyan Public Junior High School 2 showed that several students performed this technique inconsistently, indicating the need for physical conditioning, particularly arm muscle strengthening. This study aimed to determine the effect of arm muscle strength training on students’ underhand passing ability. A true experimental method with a randomized control-group pretest–posttest design was employed. Twenty male students were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group, with ten participants in each group. Underhand passing performance was measured using a one-minute wall-passing test. The experimental group completed arm muscle strength training for eight weeks at a frequency of three sessions per week, while the control group received no specific treatment. Data were analyzed using an independent-samples t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The experimental group’s mean score increased from 32.20 at pretest to 34.50 at posttest, producing a mean gain of 2.30, compared with 0.60 in the control group. The observed t-value of 3.553 exceeded the critical value of 1.734. These findings demonstrate that structured arm muscle strength training significantly improved students’ volleyball underhand passing ability and enhanced their technical performance.