Liniment Formulation with a Combination of Red Palm Oil and Virgin Coconut Oil Base Ingredients

Red palm oil (RPO) is a product that contains high levels of carotene and vitamin E. RPO includes several components such as total carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and tocotrienols, with varying levels of carotene and vitamin E. Vitamin E is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of the skin and is found in the lipid components of the skin. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is obtained from the fresh coconut kernel without the use of high heat or chemicals. VCO is also used as a liniment because it contains vitamin E and other nutrients. The combination of RPO and VCO was used as a base for liniment formulation with a combination of red palm oil and virgin coconut oil base ingredients. Eight formulas were formulated with various concentrations of RPO and VCO, obtained from Design-Expert software, with the responses being density, pH, and viscosity. The results showed that the combination of RPO and VCO could maintain the stability of the liniment preparation. The optimum formula from the prediction program in Design-Expert was 87.342% RPO and 2.658% VCO.