Epidemiological Investigation of Diphtheria Extraordinary Events (KLB) In Gili Ketapang Village, Probolinggo Regency In 2022

Diphtheria infection is caused by a toxigenic strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae with humans as the only reservoir. Diphtheria attacks children under 10 years old and is highly contagious, especially in susceptible populations. Diphtheria can cause an outbreak although it can be prevented by immunization. In 2022, 3 cases of diphtheria were reported in Gili Ketapang Village, Probolinggo Regency. Objective: to describe the epidemiology of the outbreak and identify the risk factors for countermeasures. Methods: This research is a descriptive study with an outbreak investigation report design. Results: There were 3 cases of diphtheria within 7 months (February-August 2022) in Gili Ketapang Village with a CFR of 100% and the highest attack rate in the toddler age group (0-4 years) of 0.5%. There were 2 positive contacts (close contacts of 2nd Case) who were asymptomatic. Transmission is strongly suspected to be caused by the carrier. The identified risk factors were low IDL coverage, limited health facilities and availability of ADS, sociodemographic conditions, and population mobility at risk of diphtheria transmission. The problems found were the absence of PMO in providing prophylaxis and ORI coverage was still low and incomplete. Conclusions and suggestions: The diphtheria outbreak in Gili Ketapang Village has been confirmed by the laboratory test. The increase in the incidence and mortality from diphtheria is caused by multi factors. The government's role in increasing immunization coverage, early warning through active case finding surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation of obstacles in prevention is urgently needed.