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Asian Journal of Healthy and Science
p-ISSN: 2980-4302
e-ISSN: 2980-4310
Vol. 2 No. 6 June 2023
THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF PARENTS IS STILL 24% WORTH
ENOUGH ABOUT DENGUE FEVER PREVENTION AT PUSKESMAS II
SOUTH DENPASAR
I Nyoman Ribek, I Putu Artha Wiguna, I Ketut Labir, I Dewa Ayu Ketut
Surinati, I Made Mertha
Poltekkes Kemenkes Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Email: nyomanribek0606@gmail.com, Wigunartha0@gmail.com,
iketutlabir2016@gmail.com, dwayu.surinati@gmail.com, mdmertha69@gmail.com
Abstract
The level of parental knowledge is still 24%, which is of sufficient value regarding the
prevention of dengue hemorrhagic fever in children 5-14 years and this is one of the
problems with dengue fever outbreaks. This study aims to determine the level of
knowledge of parents about the prevention of dengue fever in children 5-14 years.
The study was conducted at Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan in February-April 2021.
The population of this study are parents who have children aged 5-14 years. Research
method with descriptive method, the number of samples is 58 respondents with total
sampling technique. Measuring tool used is a questionnaire and analyzed with
descriptive statistics. The results showed that the knowledge level of the respondents
showed an average score of 20.57 (good), then the lowest score was 16 (enough) and
the highest score was 25 (good), and most of them had good knowledge as many as
44 respondents (75.9%) and 14 respondents (24, 1%) sufficient knowledge. Based on
the age of 36-45 years as many as 30 respondents (51.7%). Female gender as many
as 31 respondents (53.4%). Jobs as private employees were 28 respondents (48.3%).
SMA / SMK education as many as 22 respondents (37.9%). The conclusion of this
study is that the level of knowledge of parents is still 24% of sufficient value and the
others have a good level of knowledge. It is recommended to improve educational
programs as a basis for preventing dengue fever in the family.
Keywords: knowledge level of parents; prevention of DHF; children 5-14 years;
INTRODUCTION
The background of this research is because the problem of dengue fever still
often causes extraordinary events (KLB), in Indonesia DHF still has a high morbidity
and death rate, especially in the case of children aged 5-14 years and in the research
site in 2020 there were 318 cases of Dengue Fever. According to data from the
Ministry of Health, on November 30, 2020, there were an additional 51 cases and an
additional 1 death. The highest proportion of DHF is at the age of 15-44 years
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(37.5%), then in the case of children aged 5-14 years (34.13%), aged 1-4 years
(14.88%), and the death rate / Case Fatality Rate (CFR) per age group with the
highest cases at the age of 5-14 years (34.13), then aged 1-4 years (28.57%)
(Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2020). Dengue hemorrhagic fever attacks all ages, most
of which attack children aged <15 years as much as 95% and about 5% attack infants
(NLK Sulisnadewi, Ni Made Ayu Chintya Dewi, 2016).
According to data from the Denpasar City Health Office in 2019 the Incident
Rate (IR) of Denpasar City in 2019 was 128.8/100,000 residents, which increased
significantly compared to 2018 of 12.3/100,000 residents in Denpasar City. Bali
Province has a high incidence rate (IR) compared to the case fatality rate (CFR).
Data from Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan, which covers Sanur Village, Sanur Kaja
Village, Sanur Kauh Village, and Renon Village, obtained data on the incidence of
dengue hemorrhagic fever in the age range of <1 years - ≤45 years, for the last 3 years,
namely 2018, 2019 and 2020, the results of a significant increase in the incidence of
dengue hemorrhagic fever, namely, in 2018 as many as 2 cases, In 2019 there were
228 cases, and in 2020 there were 318 cases.
Data on the age of children 5-14 years old who have suffered from DHF in
January-December 2019-2020 at Puskesmas II South Denpasar is 58 people. Based
on this, it indicates the need for more parental attention to children with that age
range, parental knowledge in this case will greatly affect an action they take, actions
related to prevention efforts are important steps for the community, especially parents
to take an action that can help in avoiding the occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic
fever. Lack of knowledge can influence a person to act in maintaining his health,
which will pose a great risk of spreading a disease, especially in the spread of dengue
hemorrhagic fever which has a higher risk. The results of interviews conducted with
10 parents in the working area of Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan regarding
knowledge about dengue prevention, of the 10 parents interviewed as many as 6
people said they did not understand about dengue prevention and 4 people said they
were familiar with dengue prevention. By paying attention to personal hygiene,
children, and the environment, then increasing knowledge related to efforts to
prevent dengue hemorrhagic fever is needed such as, carrying out 3M Plus actions
launched by the government, namely closing tightly water reservoirs, draining places
that are often water reservoirs, such as bathtubs, jugs, and drums, utilizing/recycling
waste waste that has the potential to be a breeding ground for aedes aegypty
mosquitoes, Then you can also do fogging, giving abate powder, using mosquito
repellent, planting mosquito repellent plants, and raising larva-eating fish (Kemenkes
RI, 2017). Eradication of mosquito nests (PSN) that is not optimal is one of the causes
of the high morbidity rate of dengue hemorrhagic fever which can cause
extraordinary events (KLB).
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RESEARCH METHODS
This type of research is descriptive quantitative with a cross sectional approach
method. The study was conducted in February-April 2021. The population in this study
was all parents whose children aged 5-14 years had suffered from dengue hemorrhagic
fever in January-December 2019-2020 at Puskemas II South Denpasar as many as 58
people. The sampling technique in this study is a total sampling technique so that the
number of samples in this study is 58 respondents. Data was obtained from filling out
questionnaires given online using google form to respondents.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Table 1.
Frequency distribution of parental age characteristics At Puskesmas II Denpasar
South Tahun 2021
Age
Frequency (f)
Percentage (%)
25 35 years
21
36.2
36 45 years old
30
51.7
46-55 years old
7
12.1
Sum
58
100.0
In table 1, it showsthat the characteristics of respondents were studied based
on age, the majority were aged 36-45 years as many as 30 respondents (51.7%),
and the minority aged 46-55 years as many as 7 respondents (12.1%)
Tabel 2.
Frequency Distribution of Parental Sex Characteristics at Puskesmas II
South Denpasar in 2021
Gender
Frequency (f)
Percentage (%)
Man
27
46.6
Woman
31
53.4
Sum
58
100.0
Table 2 data shows that the characteristics of respondents based on gender,
most of the respondents studied were female (53.4%), and some were male 27
respondents (46.6%)
Table 3.
Frequency Distribution of Parents' Work Characteristics at Puskesmas II South
Denpasar in 2021
Work
Percentage (%)
Employees Swasta
48.3
Wiraswasta
19.0
Civil servants
5.2
Housewives
25.9
Not Working
1.7
Sum
100.0
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Table 3 data shows that the characteristics of respondents based on
occupation are the majority of working as private employees as many as 28
respondents (48.3%), and a minority of 1 respondent is not working (1.7%)
Table 4.
Frequency Distribution of Parental Education Characteristics at Puskesmas II
South Denpasar in 2021
Education
Frequency (f)
Percentage (%)
SD
2
3.4
JUNIOR
2
3.4
High School / Vocational School
22
37.9
Diploma
15
25.9
Strata (S1/S2/S3)
17
29.3
Total
58
100.0
Table 4 data shows that the characteristics of respondents studied based on
education, the majority are high school / vocational schools as many as 22
respondents (37.9%), and minorities, namely elementary and junior high schools,
each as many as 2 respondents (3.4%)
Tabel 5.
Frequency Distribution of Characteristics of Parents' Knowledge Level About
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Prevention in Children 5-14 Years at Puskesmas II
South Denpasar in 2021
Based on table 5, it shows that the average score obtained by respondents is
with a score of 20.57 (good), and the lowest score of all respondents is a score of
16 (enough), and the highest score is 25 (good).
Tabel 6.
Frequency Distribution of Parents' Knowledge about the Prevention of Dengue
Hemorrhagic Fever in Children 5-14 Years Di Puskesmas II South Denpasar in
2021
Category
Frequency (f)
Percentage (%)
Good
44
76
Enough
14
24
Less
0
0.0
Total
58
100.0
Based on table 6, it shows that of the 58 respondents studied, most of them
have good knowledge, as many as 44 respondents (75.9%) and 14 respondents
(24.1%) have sufficient knowledge .
Based on the character of the age of respondents, it shows that the majority of
respondents aged in the range of 36-45 years as many as 30 respondents (51.7%),
have good knowledge as many as 24 respondents (41.4%), then have knowledge
of cuku p as many as 6 respondents (10.3%). The results of this study are in line
with research (Rohmah, Susanti, &; Haryanti, 2019), most of the respondents in
this study are late adults aged 36-45 years as many as 124 respondents (37.3) and
most have a good level of knowledge. According to research (Monintja, n.d.)
Average
Minimum Value
Maximum Value
20,57
16
25
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statesthat there is a close relationship between age and dengue prevention
measures.
The theoryaccording to (Notoatmodjo, 2012) that age affects a person's
comprehension and mindset, the older the person is, the more comprehension and
mindset he will develop, so that the knowledge possessed is getting better, but in
mental development, age will also affect the power Remember, so that at a certain
age, especially towards old age the ability to accept or remember knowledge tends
to decrease, but the oldera person gets, the more experience he has with a m or
object that he hasdied.
According to the assumption of researchers, age is one of the factors that can
affect a person's level of knowledge, the more mature a person's age, the higher
the level of knowledge possessed, but on the contrary, there is an age category that
is close to old age will result in a decrease in memory owned.
Based on gender, there were 31 female respondents, 23 respondents (39.7%)
had a good level of knowledge, and 8 respondents (13.8%) had sufficient
knowledge. Then the male gender as many as 27 respondents have good
knowledge as many as 21 respondents (36.2%), and have sufficient knowledge as
many as 6 respondents (10.3%). This research is in line with the results of the study
(Rojali, 2020) that most of the respondents were 87 women (81.3%) and men
(20%), in this study most respondents had a good level of knowledge (91.6%) in
preventing DHF. In line with research (Aritonang, Nadapdap, &; Supeno, 2016)
that the majority of genders in this study are 77 women (77%) with most having a
good level of knowledge related to DHF prevention efforts.
According to Green's theory in (Notoatmodjo, 2012) says that gender
includes predisposing factors or possible factors that can influence a person's
behavior in carrying out the actions to be performed. Women tend to be more
concerned about their condition and surroundings, especially in terms of health.
In addition, women have traditionally been the main role in protecting their
homes and environments, so if women do not have enough knowledge about DHF
prevention efforts, they are at high risk of high dengue cases in children.
The number of female respondents in the results of this study, related to the
time of the visit made by the researcher with the Monitoring Officer General
(Jumantik) Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan, during the visit of this researcher
many respondents, namely mothers as parents of children who have been exposed
to DHF are more at home in the morning, besides that there are some male
respondents / fathers who hand over the responsibility in filling out questionnaires
to female respondents / mothers. Therefore, according to the assumption of
researchers, gender is not closely related to the level of knowledge of parents about
the prevention of DHF in children.
Based on employment, the majority of respondents work as private
employees 28 respondents (48.3), have good knowledge as many as 24
respondents (41.4%) and as many as 4 respondents (6.9%) have sufficient
knowledge. Then housewives as many as 15 respondents, have good knowledge
as many as 10 respondents (17.2%) and enough as many as 5 respondents (8.6%).
This research is in line with the results of the study (Rohmah et al., 2019) the
majority of respondents' jobs are private employees 114 respondents (34.3%) and
housewives 79 respondents (23.8%). Workfor society will have an influence on
his family life, someone who has worked then the level of ability to think will
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affect knowledge. From the results of the study, the majority of respondents' jobs
were as private employees and housewives, and the knowledge of respondents
who worked as private employees and housewives was mostly good. With jobs
as private employees and housewives, respondents interact more with the
environment and surrounding residents. This will also affect the information
obtained, for example knowledge about DHF (Rohmah et al., 2019).
According to (Notoatmodjo, 2012) good knowledge can also be obtained
from the work environment of an individual, for example: someone who works in
a health environment, they will directly or indirectly get information or knowledge
related to the health sector, but ice someone who works does not necessarily have
better knowledge Compared to people who do not work, people who do not
work tend to get information from others, so they can copyg exchange information
and knowledge that they have with each other.
Therefore, according to researchers, work has a close relationship that can
affect the level of knowledge a person has, people who work will tend to get more
information and experience so that they are able to apply it in their lives, especially
in the prevention of DHF in children.
Based on education, the majority of respondents had high school /
vocational education as many as 22 respondents (37.9%), with good knowledge
as many as 15 respondents (25.9%) and 7 respondents (12.1%) had sufficient
knowledge. In line with the results of the study (Rezki Putri, 2016) showed that
most respondents had higher education (SMA/SMK, Diploma and College) as
many as 78 respondents, of whom had a good level of knowledge of dengue
prevention as many as 55 respondents, and 23 respondents had a lack of
knowledge of DHF prevention, in this study stated that there was a close
relationship between the level of education and the level of knowledge about
dengue prevention. In line with research (Wira Setyawati Zendrato, Bistok Saing,
2018) that most respondents have high school and higher education, the majority
of their knowledge levels are good.
All responses given by an individual to the object observed are strongly
influenced by the tin gkat education, the responsegiven can later be in the form of
new knowledge possessed by an individual (Notoatmodjo, 2012)(Notoatmodjo,
2012). Education is an effort to develop one's personality and abilities, both inside
and outside school, and will last a lifetime. Therefore, according to the
assumption of researchers, the higher the education, the learning process in
receiving information will be easier, the more knowledge obtained, especially
about health, it is expected that the knowledge possessed will be wider and able to
be applied in everyday life, especially in efforts to prevent DHF.
Knowledge is a result obtained from remembering something or events that
have been experienced either intentionally or unintentionally (Mubarak, 2015).
This usually occurs when someone makes an observation of a certain object.
Knowledge of parents in the family is the basis for determining the attitudes and
behaviors they will carry out regarding efforts to prevent dengue hemorrhagic
fever (Asiah, Wahyuni, & Suzanni, 2014). Knowledge of dengue hemorrhagic
fever and how to prevent it is very important that parents must have, so that this
will be able to reduce the risk of dengue hemorrhagic fever that occurs especially
in children (WHO, 2011).
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Based ontable 6 data, it shows that of the 58 respondents studied, most of
them have good knowledge, as many as 44 respondents (75.9%) and 14
respondents (24.1%) have sufficient knowledge. The results of this study are in
line with research conducted by (Sandi &; Kartika, 2017), showing that out of 100
respondents, most of the respondents' knowledge level is good (85%), then 15
respondents (15%) have less knowledge level related to dengue prevention efforts.
Knowledge about dengue fever prevention and prevention, whichis an important
thing that must be known by the community, especially parents, should parents
who have the rightto manage the household can know about dengue fever and
prevention efforts that can bedone in their families (Sandi &; Kartika, 2017).
In line with research (Wahyu Nur Cahyo, 2014), out of 92 respondents, as
many as 55 respondents had a good level of knowledge, while 37 respondents had
a level of knowledge less. Based on the results of this study states that there is a
meaningful relationship between parental knowledge and the incidence of dengue
hemorrhagic fever in children. The results of this study are also in line with
research conducted by (Wati, Astuti, &; Sari, 2016), which shows that there is a
meaningful relationship between parents' knowledge about the implementation of
dengue prevention and the incidence of dengue fever in children at Banjarbaru
Regional Hospital in 2015. Knowledge is one of the important factors that
influence public health behavior, so in this case health knowledge needs to be
improved in society, especially in families.
Based on table 5 data, it shows that the average score obtained by
respondents is with a score of 20.57 (good), while the scores obtained from all
respondents are the lowest score of 16 (sufficient) and the highest score of 25
(good). From the results of this study shows that most respondents have good
knowledge about dengue prevention. According to the researchers' assumptions,
parents' knowledge of DHF will affect the way of thinking in taking action so that
their family members, especially children, do not contract DHF, and if anyone has
been infected, it is hoped that later they will be able to know the prevention efforts
so as not to get dengue again. This is very expected, because if parents with good
knowledge will be able to help reduce the morbidity and mortality rate of children
affected by DHF. According to (Notoatmodjo, 2012), that behavior is not a
reflection of one's attitude, but one's own attitude is influenced by the knowledge
possessed. Good knowledge will be able to influence behavior in dengue
prevention, behavior based on knowledge will be more lasting than behavior that
is not based on knowledge. With the results of this research, the community,
especially parents, is expected to be able to apply the knowledge they have in
making efforts to prevent DHF, especially in the family. In addition, in this case,
Puskesmas as a forum for improving public health, to always provide health
education to the community, especially to parents related to DHF prevention
efforts, so that later this can be used as something that can help improve public
health programs that will be applied, especially within families.
CONCLUSION
Based on the age characteristics of most of the age of 36-45 years, which is as
many as 30 respondents (51.7%). Bbased on the sex of the most female sex is 31
respondents (53.4%). Based on employment, most of them work as private
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employees as many as 28 respondents (48.3%). Based on education, most of them
had high school / vocational education as many as 22 respondents (37.9%).
Thelevel of knowledge of respondents shows that the average score obtained
is with a score of 20.57 (good), while the scores obtained from all respondents are
the lowest score of 16 (enough) and the highest score of 25 (good), and most of them
have good knowledge as many as 44 respondents (75.9%) and 14 respondents
(24.1%) have sufficient knowledge.
The level of parental knowledge based on age, most respondents aged in the
range of 36-45 years as many as 30 respondents (51.7%), have good knowledge as
many as 24 respondents (41.4%), then have sufficient knowledge as many as 6
respondents (10.3%). Bbased on gender, female gender respondents were 31
respondents, had a good level of knowledge as many as 23 respondents (39.7%), and
had sufficient knowledge as many as 8 respondents (13.8%). Based on employment,
most respondents work as private employees 28 respondents (48.3), have good
knowledge as many as 24 respondents (41.4%) and as many as 4 respondents (6.9%)
have sufficient knowledge. Based on education, at most 22 respondents (37.9%) had
high school / vocational education, with good knowledge as many as 15 respondents
(25.9%) and 7 respondents (12.1%) had sufficient knowledge.
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Copyright holders:
I Nyoman Ribek, I Putu Artha Wiguna , I Ketut Labir, Ida Ketut Surinati,
I Made Mertha (2023)
First publication right:
AJHS - Asian Journal of Healthy and Science
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